SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) is a technology that allows a single physical network interface card (NIC) to be partitioned into multiple virtual NICs, each with its own independent set of resources and capabilities. This enables multiple virtual machines (VMs) or containers to share a single physical NIC while maintaining their own dedicated network resources and performance. SR-IOV is typically used in cloud computing environments where the need for high-performance networking is critical, such as in data centers and HPC (high-performance computing) clusters. By offloading network processing tasks from the hypervisor to the NIC, SR-IOV can improve network performance, reduce CPU overhead, and enhance security by isolating traffic between VMs.
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