Explanation:
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical network created within a physical network. It allows for segmentation of the network and provides better security, management, and flexibility.
A collision domain is a group of devices connected to a hub or switch where they contend for access to the network. In other words, if two devices transmit data at the same time on the same network segment, a collision occurs and both transmissions are corrupted. A switch separates collision domains by providing each device with its own dedicated connection to the switch.
A broadcast domain is a group of devices that receive broadcasts from one another. Broadcasts are packets that are sent to all devices on a network segment. By default, all devices in the same VLAN belong to the same broadcast domain. A router separates broadcast domains by forwarding broadcasts only between interfaces belonging to different subnets.
In this scenario, there are four VLANs configured on a 16-port Ethernet switch. Each port can be assigned to one VLAN or left unassigned as part of the default VLAN. Therefore, there could be up to 16 collision domains (one per port) depending on how many ports are actually being used.
However, since there are only four VLANs configured, there are only four broadcast domains because each VLAN represents a separate subnet and routers (or Layer 3 switches) would need to be used to allow communication between them.
Therefore, this switch has 16 collision domains and 4 broadcast domains.
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