The Pingdingshan coalfield is situated in a low mountainous and hilly area surrounded by plains, between the Shahe and Ruhe rivers. The southern part of the middle section of the coalfield houses four mines, which are located in a low mountainous area with a high central region and a low north-south zone. A near east-west watershed exists along the line of the ring drum platform, small ring drum platform, and 407.7m highland. South of this watershed lies steep slopes while gentle slopes can be found to its north. This creates a one-sided mountain terrain with Ringgutai being the highest point at an elevation of 505.6m and Chuzhuang being the lowest point at an elevation of 150.4m, resulting in a relative height difference of 355.2m.

The well field has no stable rivers or water bodies but experiences seasonal ditch flow instead. The central portion of the well field along with the ring drum platform and small ring drum platform serve as watersheds for collecting slope water flowing to the north and south during rainy seasons respectively, feeding into Ru River and Sha River correspondingly. The highest water level elevation recorded in this area is 83.79m.

Ru River lies 12.5Km north of the well field with peak flows reaching up to 3000 m3/s while dry season flows reduce to 0.28 m3/s. Similarly, Sha River lies 4.5Km south of the well field with maximum flow capacity reaching up to 3300 m3/s while dry season flows drop down to only 0.8 m3/s. These two rivers converge near Fork River which belongs to Huai River system, following northwest-southeast direction flow patterns.

Baigushan Reservoir stands as the largest surface water body in the region’s southern periphery; it has a dam elevation of +109.0m, a total reservoir capacity of 750 million m3, and a design flood level of +107.0m in the first millennium. Zhan River (artificial river) flows from north-west to south-east direction through the southern part of seven mines and urban area with an elevation ranging between +84 to +91m and a maximum flow rate of 167 m3/s.

The region exhibits a warm temperate continental semi-humid climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters with four distinct seasons according to weather station data from Pingdingshan’s calendar year:

• Temperature: The maximum temperature recorded is 42.6℃ (July 19, 1966), while the minimum temperature recorded is -18.8℃ (January 30, 1955). The average temperature throughout the year stands at 14℃.
• Rainfall: Annual maximum rainfall was recorded in 2000 at 1461.6mm while minimum rainfall was noted back in 1966 at only 373.9mm. The annual average rainfall amounts to be around 742.6mm with July having the highest monthly rainfall at 481.3mm for any given month ever recorded in this area; it also has the maximum consecutive rainfall days numbering nine (April13-21,1964). The rainy season primarily falls during July, August and September.
• Evaporation: Annual maximum evaporation recorded was in1959 at2825mm whereas minimum evaporation reported occurred in1964at1490.5mm.The maximum monthly evaporation noted was408.9mm(July1959)whilethe minimum monthlyevaporation stoodat40.7mm(January1957).Evaporation exceeded precipitation.
• Humidityandwind speed:Averageabsolutehumidityreaches13.5mmandaverage relative humidity remains around67%. Freezing period usually spans from November to March of the following year with a maximum permafrost depth noted at14cm(January30,1977).The maximum wind speed observed is 24m/s whereas average wind speed reaches2.8m/s withnorth-west, north-north-west and north-east serving as wind directions throughout the year, predominantly north-east.

The coal development and processing industry constitutes the region’s leading sector, producing one of China’s top coal outputs and playing a significant role in meeting energy and industrial coal demands while alleviating coal shortages in the southern regions. The transportation network comprising railroads and highways has been formed around Pingdingshan City as its center; therefore, traveling is extremely convenient. Industries such as electricity, building materials, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, electronics, electrical appliances, food processing along with services like catering and tourism are well developed besides agriculture which mainly cultivates wheat and corn farming. The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are transitioning from traditional production methods towards modern ones. Consequently, the potential for urban development within this area remains high.