The correct answer is B. Transverse process. The viscerocranium refers to the facial skeleton, which consists of bones that support and protect the structures of the face. The mandible, maxilla, nasal bone, and ear ossicles (including the malleus, incus, and stapes) are all part of the viscerocranium. However, the transverse process belongs to the vertebral column and does not belong to the viscerocranium.
The correct answer is D. Serine/Threonine kinase receptors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling is transduced by serine/threonine kinase receptors. These receptors initiate intracellular signaling pathways upon binding with BMP ligands.
The correct answer is C. SMCs contain sarcomeres. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are specialized muscle cells found in various internal organs and blood vessels. Unlike skeletal muscle cells that contain sarcomeres for striated appearance, smooth muscle cells do not contain sarcomeres and exhibit a smooth appearance under microscopic observation.
The correct answer is E. The future diaphragm. The septum transversum is a structure during embryonic development that gives rise to several important structures in the body, including parts of the central tendon of the diaphragm.
The correct answer is D. Muller’s duct. Müller’s duct or Müllerian duct is involved in female reproductive system development but not considered as part of the mammalian excretory unit. The glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and collecting tubule are components of the renal nephron, which forms the basic functional unit of kidney filtration and urine formation in mammals.
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