实现一个基本的TCP负载均衡器大约需要150-300行Go代码。以下是一个简化版的实现示例:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net"
"sync"
"time"
)
type Backend struct {
addr string
alive bool
mu sync.RWMutex
}
type LoadBalancer struct {
backends []*Backend
current int
mu sync.Mutex
}
func (b *Backend) IsAlive() bool {
b.mu.RLock()
defer b.mu.RUnlock()
return b.alive
}
func (b *Backend) SetAlive(alive bool) {
b.mu.Lock()
defer b.mu.Unlock()
b.alive = alive
}
func NewLoadBalancer(backendAddrs []string) *LoadBalancer {
lb := &LoadBalancer{}
for _, addr := range backendAddrs {
lb.backends = append(lb.backends, &Backend{
addr: addr,
alive: true,
})
}
go lb.HealthCheck()
return lb
}
func (lb *LoadBalancer) GetNextBackend() *Backend {
lb.mu.Lock()
defer lb.mu.Unlock()
for i := 0; i < len(lb.backends); i++ {
lb.current = (lb.current + 1) % len(lb.backends)
if backend := lb.backends[lb.current]; backend.IsAlive() {
return backend
}
}
return nil
}
func (lb *LoadBalancer) HealthCheck() {
for {
for _, backend := range lb.backends {
alive := lb.checkBackend(backend.addr)
backend.SetAlive(alive)
}
time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
}
}
func (lb *LoadBalancer) checkBackend(addr string) bool {
conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, 2*time.Second)
if err != nil {
return false
}
defer conn.Close()
return true
}
func (lb *LoadBalancer) HandleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
defer conn.Close()
backend := lb.GetNextBackend()
if backend == nil {
log.Println("No available backends")
return
}
backendConn, err := net.Dial("tcp", backend.addr)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("Failed to connect to backend %s: %v", backend.addr, err)
return
}
defer backendConn.Close()
go func() { io.Copy(backendConn, conn) }()
io.Copy(conn, backendConn)
}
func main() {
backends := []string{
"localhost:8081",
"localhost:8082",
"localhost:8083",
}
listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":80")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
return
}
fmt.Println("TCP Load Balancer started on :80")
defer listener.Close()
loadBalancer := NewLoadBalancer(backends)
for {
clientConn ,err:=listener.Accept()
if err!=nil{
continue
}
go loadBalancer.HandleConnection(clientConn )
}
}
主要组件说明:
- 后端管理:维护后端服务器列表和健康状态(需要添加
"io"包) - 负载均衡算法:使用轮询算法选择后端服务器(可扩展为加权轮询/最少连接等)
- 健康检查:定期检测后端服务器可用性(需补充错误处理)
- 连接转发:使用双向数据拷贝实现流量转发
如需完整功能还需要:
- 配置文件支持(200+行)
- 动态后端发现(100+行)
- TLS终止支持(100+行)
- 监控指标暴露(50+行)
建议参考成熟项目如:
- Traefik
- HAProxy
- Nginx
这些项目提供了更完整的负载均衡功能,包括SSL终止、会话保持、动态配置等特性。
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